Root canal treatment is needed for two main reasons. The first is infection. Second reason for a root canal is damage to the pulp that can't be fixed. The decay reaches tooth enamel and porous _layer_ of the tooth that protects the nerve. When this _layer_ is exposed it can cause tooth sensitivity. When the inside of the mouth gets hurt or irritated, bacteria may enter and cause an infection this is mainly called abscess. In this case root canal is important if you don't want to remove the teeth. If root canal treatment is not done, an infected tooth may have to be extracted.
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